SoftSignal Research  /  Markets  /  Livestock

The only supply curve you can see coming months in advance.

Biology sets the schedule in livestock. A calf placed on feed today is a fed steer in five months, on a timeline no weather report can change. The USDA publishes that pipeline every month — placements, marketings, frozen inventories — and the futures market spends the rest of the time arguing with it. We track the pipeline, the margins, and the positioning.

Explore the Demo → Current cattle signal →
Markets covered
LE CME Live Cattle — 40,000 lb
GF CME Feeder Cattle — 50,000 lb, cash-settled
HE CME Lean Hogs — 40,000 lb, cash-settled
Regions monitored daily
Feedlot High Plains feedlot belt — apparent-temperature stress
Hog belt Iowa – Minnesota – Illinois corridor — apparent-temperature stress

3
CME contracts — Live Cattle, Feeder Cattle, Lean Hogs — full COT chart sets
Daily
Apparent-temperature stress index for both belts, updated every morning year-round
2
Feed-margin ratios — cattle-corn and hog-corn — linking this market to the grain complex
Monthly
USDA pipeline reads — Cattle on Feed and Cold Storage, around the 20th–22nd

A market where the supply schedule is public — and still argued about

Livestock is unique among the markets we cover: its supply is not a guess about weather, it is a count. The USDA reports how many cattle entered feedlots last month and how many left. Cold Storage reports how much beef and pork sits frozen in warehouses. Between those numbers and simple biology, the next several months of supply are largely written down in public documents — which makes it all the more interesting when futures positioning disagrees with them.

The cattle cycle stretches that visibility out to years. Herd liquidation means more beef now and less later; retention means the opposite — and the pivot between the two shows up first in the ratio of heifers on feed and the price of a feeder calf. Where in that cycle are we now? The feeder market, thin and leveraged, tends to answer loudest.

Weather still matters — just differently than in a row-crop market. Heat doesn't kill the crop; it slows weight gain, cuts conception rates, and compresses margins at the feedlot. A brutal stretch of feedlot-belt heat is a supply event with a lag measured in months. That is why our stress index runs every morning, all year: the question is not whether animals are stressed today, but what today's stress does to the marketings table next quarter.


Four layers, one read

Every SoftSignal market is covered the same way: who holds the positions, what the balance sheet says, what conditions on the ground are doing, and what the cost side implies. For livestock, each layer looks like this.

PositioningWho holds the risk
CFTC disaggregated COT for all three contracts — managed money and commercial net positions percentile-ranked against history, week-over-week flow, and open interest, with the full chart set for each market.
Supply pipelineThe count
USDA Cattle on Feed — placements, marketings, and on-feed inventories monthly — and USDA Cold Storage — frozen beef and pork stocks, the demand-side buffer that says how much product is already waiting.
Ground conditionsWhat the animals are experiencing
A daily apparent-temperature stress index for the feedlot belt and hog belt — heat and cold both — plus US Drought Monitor coverage for key grazing states, the pasture-side input to placement decisions.
Feed economicsThe cost side
Cattle-corn and hog-corn ratios — the classic margin indicators linking this complex to the grain markets. When corn re-prices, feeding margins move first and placements follow.

From pasture to packer — and where the contracts price it

The beef pipeline is a conveyor with a known speed. Each stage is priced by a different market, and each USDA release reads a different point on the belt.

Cow-calf
Birth to weaning · ~6–10 months

Calves raised on pasture. Drought here — grazing-state conditions — decides how many move early and how many heifers are kept back.

Drought Monitor
Stocker / backgrounding
Growing phase · ~4–8 months

Weaned calves grow on grass or wheat pasture until heavy enough to place. This is the animal the Feeder Cattle contract prices.

Feeder Cattle (GF)
Feedlot
On feed · ~4–6 months

Placements in, marketings out — the monthly Cattle on Feed report reads this stage directly. Feed margins and heat stress do their work here.

Cattle on Feed · stress index
Packer & cold storage
Slaughter weight · ~1,300–1,500 lb

Fed cattle sell to packers — the Live Cattle contract's animal — and product accumulates in the freezer, which Cold Storage counts monthly.

Live Cattle (LE) · Cold Storage

Hogs run the same logic on a faster belt: farrow-to-finish takes roughly six months, so the hog supply pipeline turns over about twice as fast — and positioning extremes tend to resolve faster with it.

Heat-stress season
Jun – Aug
Cold-stress season
Dec – Feb
USDA pipeline reads
Cattle on Feed + Cold Storage · every month, ~20th – 22nd

The stress index itself runs every day of the year — apparent temperature (heat index and wind chill) rather than raw temperature, because that is what animal performance actually responds to.


The weekly rhythm

Monday
Thermal stress index updates every morning, all week
Tuesday
COT report date — positions as of today's close, published Friday
Wednesday
Feed-ratio series refresh with the grain complex
Thursday
US Drought Monitor released 8:30am ET — grazing states
Friday
CFTC COT released 3:30pm ET
Livestock Market Intelligence publishes on the new data

On the monthly clock: Cattle on Feed and Cold Storage land around the 20th–22nd and are folded into the next weekly edition. The WASDE livestock supplement tracks the meat-supply side of each monthly USDA release.


Where livestock shows up

Weekly report · Subscribers
Livestock Market Intelligence

The core read: full COT chart sets for all three contracts, Cattle on Feed and Cold Storage context, feed margins, drought, and the daily stress index in one weekly document.

See it in the demo →
Supplement · Subscribers
WASDE Livestock Supplement

Cattle, hog, and poultry supply and demand from each monthly WASDE — production, trade, and per-capita disappearance, visualized.

See it in the demo →
Free · Weekly signal
Live Cattle Signal Page

The public one-page read: managed-money regime, week-over-week change, and stress signals — updated after every CFTC release, with an RSS feed.

Current cattle signal →
Free · Weekly signal
Lean Hogs Signal Page

The same one-page treatment for the hog market — the faster-cycling mirror to the cattle complex.

Current hogs signal →

Livestock research notes

Read this week's livestock data

The full report — positioning chart sets, pipeline reads, feed margins, and the daily stress index — is in the open demo. No email, no card.

Open the Demo → Plans & pricing →

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